Notes
1. All proper names in the book are pseudonyms
2. According to Article 976 of the Civil Code of Iran, Iranian citizenship is granted to the following individuals:
- All individuals residing in Iran, except those with foreign citizenship.
- Anyone born to an Iranian father, whether in Iran or outside of Iran.
- Anyone born in Iran to parents of unknown nationality.
- Anyone born in Iran to foreign parents, provided one of the parents was born in Iran.
- Anyone born in Iran to a foreign father who arrived and has resided legally in Iran for at least one year after reaching the age of 18.
- Any foreign woman who marries an Iranian man.
- Any foreign national who has acquired Iranian citizenship.
3. The Roshanaee Movement, led by members of the Hazara community, emerged in Afghanistan in 2016 as a social and political campaign for justice, equality, and an end to discrimination. It began as a response to the Afghan government’s decision to reroute a major power transmission line intended to bring electricity from Turkmenistan. Originally planned to pass through Bamiyan, a predominantly Hazara-populated and underdeveloped province, the route was changed to Salang Pass, bypassing Bamiyan. On July 23, 2016, a peaceful protest in Deh Mazang Square, Kabul, was targeted by a devastating ISIS-claimed suicide bombing. The attack killed at least 85 people and injured over 400, marking one of Kabul’s deadliest incidents. The government’s response was widely criticized as indifferent and incompetent.
Displacement of the Hazara People of Afghanistan
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