DOI: 10.3726/9781915734822.003.0026
Lori coaches the girls’ snowboard team
at Georgetown High School where she teaches.
She’s been coaching this team for many years.
Today, we’re up at Beaver Valley Ski Club for the day.
Beaver Valley Ski Club is located in the snow belt,
about an hour and a half north of where Lori and I live.
Her students are competing in some races.
I snowboard a bit now and then and I’m here to help chaperone.
It’s March 2017.
I have never snowboarded at Beaver Valley before.
I check out their website to learn more about it.
On the homepage of their website it says:
Skiing in the Beaver Valley has been recorded as early as February 1936
when the Dominion of Canada Skiing Championships
attracted 20,000 spectators to the valley.
In 1948, the ski site was discovered.
What does it mean when the webpage says,
“The Beaver Valley ski site was “discovered” in 1948”?
What does it mean to name a piece of land in your language
when it doesn’t belong to you?
They say that Columbus “discovered” America in 1492.
This claim doesn’t make sense for two reasons:
First, he didn’t discover America because America didn’t exist in 1492.
Secondly, if they mean he discovered the land, he didn’t.
Indigenous People have lived on this land, Turtle Island—
the land settlers call North America—for thousands of years.
Indigenous People have lived in the Beaver Valley for thousands of years.
In fact, people have lived on the Niagara Escarpment—where the Beaver Valley lies—
for more than 12,000 years.
An article in the Hamilton Spectator on the Niagara Escarpment that says this:
The Niagara Escarpment has been a bountiful provider of food, shelter, and resources. Hunters and gatherers arrived here as the great ice fields retreated at the end of the last Ice Age, having likely migrated across the Bering land bridge from Siberia. They were the first known people on the escarpment at a time when it formed the southern shore of a great glacial lake that stretched north to the edge of the retreating ice sheet. Favourite camping grounds of these people included the Beaver Valley and particularly Blue Mountain where they harvested Blue Mountain chert, a hard rock similar to flint that they could fashion into spear tips for hunting caribou and mastodon.
When I look up treaty information about the Beaver Valley, I learn that Beaver Valley is part of Treaty No. 18, Lake Simcoe-Nottawasaga.
On the Indigenous and Northern Affairs webpage of the Government of Canada website, I come across a page titled, “Treaty Texts – Upper Canada Land Surrenders.”
I find this information:
Articles of provision agreement entered into on Saturday, the 17th day of October, 1818, between the Honourable William Claus Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs in behalf of His Majesty, of the one part, and Musquakie or Yellow Head, Chief of Rein Deer Tribe, Kaqueticaum, Chief of the Cat Fish Tribe, Maskigonce of the Otter Tribe, Manitobnobe of the Pike Tribe, Principal men of the Chippewa Nation of Indians, inhabiting the northern parts of the unpurchased lands within the Home District, of the other part, Witnesseth: that for and in consideration of the yearly sum of twelve hundred pounds, Province currency, in goods at the Montreal price to be well and tryly paid yearly and every year by His said Majesty to the said Chippewa Nation, inhabiting and claiming the said tract, which may be otherwise known as follows: Bounded by the District of London on the west, by Lake Huron on the north, by the Penetangueshine purchase (made in 1815) on the east, by the south shore of Kempenfelt Bay, the western shore of Lake Simcoe and Cook’s Bay and the Holland River to the north-west angle of the Township of King, containing by computation one million, five hundred and ninety-two thousands acres, and the said Musquakie, Kaqueticum, Maskigonce and Monitonobie, as well and for themselves as for the Chippewa Nation inhabiting and claiming the said tract of land as above describe, do freely fully, and voluntarily surrender and convey that same to His Majesty without reservation or limitation in perpetuity.
$1200 pounds worth of goods every year?
In exchange for one million, five-hundred and ninety-two thousand acres in perpetuity?
Goods? Montreal price? What about inflation? The rising cost of living, housing, food, unemployment rates? Urbanization? Gentrification? The loss of land, freedom, life?
Did Indigenous people really “freely, fully, and voluntarily surrender” this land in perpetuity without reservation or limitation?
Regarding the treaties between the Government of Canada and Indigenous Peoples of this land, Michael Asch reminds me “We know full well we have not kept our word. That is a legacy with which we will have to deal, just as we will have to deal with the fact that we violated the principle of temporal priority and settled on lands without first gaining the consent of those already living on them” (Asch, 2014, p. 99).
On the Beaver Valley Ski Club homepage, it also says:
The Davis homestead provided the best prospects for ski terrain and the first tow opened in January 1949. After a decade of financially struggling to operate the hill, an interested group of skiers formed a partnership to operate Beaver Valley Resorts Ltd. Under this group, the resort flourished to include new trails at Lazy Loop and Roller Coaster. The Weber home farm property, which is now the base of the ski club, was acquired, a ski shop and main lodge were erected which created the warm sense of belonging which is hallmark to the Beaver Valley Ski Club today. Now, Beaver Valley is a winter playground, providing members and guests a top-quality skiing experience and a variety of other outdoor activities that are fun for the whole family. Beaver Valley Ski Club is for active families looking to belong to a relaxed and welcoming club where they can spend quality time together and foster new friendships. The club is known for its great terrain park, signature run Avalanche (the steepest groomed run in Ontario with a rich history of daring adventures for great storytelling!) and its friendly atmosphere. Beaver Valley Ski Club provides an attractive and affordable option for private club membership to young families.
There’s nothing on the website that talks about
who lived there long before the Davis and Weber families.
There’s nothing about it being sacred Indigenous Land
Land on which Indigenous People depended for survival and spiritual nourishment.
A warm sense of belonging for whom?
Welcoming for what kinds of people?
Fostering new friendships with whom?
The telling stories of whose rich histories and daring adventures?
It’s a private ski club
for those who can afford to pay the one-time initiation family fee of $11, 500.00
plus annual membership dues
plus annual capital contribution levies.
At lunch in the cafeteria, people bustle about,
swerving around each other with trays of food,
burgers and French fries, small packets of ketchup and mustard
Coke and 7Up in waxed paper cups with clear plastic lids and white straws.
A middle-aged couple sits beside me at the table
talking about golfing in the summer and
I think about all the pesticides that leach into golf course soils,
chemicals flooding into the streams.
I sit with my lunch I brought from home, surrounded by people
but I feel alone here.
After we’re done eating, Lori and I put our toques on, zip up our coats, put on our gloves,
thump outside in our clunky snowboard boots, and grab our boards.
We head over to the chair lift and file into line.
We shimmy up into place as the next chair winds around the track
and zooms up behind us.
We sit down and the chair speeds forward out of the sheltered chair lift station
whisking us up, up, up into the air, floating
above the trees and over white groomed hills.
It’s quiet, except for the whirring and dinging of the chair
as it rumbles over the cogs of each tower we pass
skiers and boarders whizz by down below
scraping across the icy slopes.
We take a selfie on the lift.
Smiling, we have our arms around each other.
I’m happy to be here with Lori.
I think it’s cool that she’s a snowboard coach
it’s kind of hot; I have a thing for jocks.
I twist my body around enough on the chair so I can survey the view of
Beaver Valley, the forests, the farmlands, stretching out far behind and below us
on this crisp, wintery, sunny day.
At the top of the lift, we arrange our boards and bodies,
and glide off the chair and over to one of the runs.
Sitting down beside skiers and boarders, we tighten our bindings, stand up, nod to one another, and drop down off the lip of the slope.
The wind on my cheeks is bitterly cold as I ride
the snow is slick underneath my board.
Too much rain lately and then temperatures dropping sharply overnight
makes for icy conditions
I don’t feel very confident today.
We carve wide, s-shaped designs in the granular snow
back and forth
back and forth
past rows of trees
over undulating terrain
until we reach the bottom of the hill.
Then, we head over to a nearby run,
where the Georgetown High School girls’ team
will be crossing the finish line, along with the other racers.
A crowd of people gathers to watch and cheer and congratulate the athletes.
The generator that provides electricity
for the loudspeaker and heat for the announcer’s hut
growls and vibrates in the background.
The announcer calls out the names, numbers, and schools
of each girl who shreds a path around blue and red flags
placed in a long curve down slopes covered in snow
made from high-tech machines.
There are 110 girls competing in this race from all over Ontario.
I wonder if any of them are Indigenous.
My privileged settler body doesn’t always recall
until it recalls
that I’m surrounded by other privileged settler bodies
moms, dads, coaches, teachers, students, spectators.
My colonizer/colonized mind forgets
until I remember
that I’m standing on Indigenous land
that we’re snowboarding on Indigenous land
that Beaver Valley Ski Club is built on
Anishinabeg and Haudenosaunee land.